Nextcloud on Raspberry Pi - private cloud made af­ford­able

A few years ago, hosting a cloud in­de­pen­dent­ly was in­con­ceiv­able. These days all you need is the free software Nextcloud and suitable hardware. Since Nextcloud can now even be adapted to mini-computers like Raspberry Pi, you could in theory have your own cloud solution for a bargain price. You’ll have to make some com­pro­mis­es as far as func­tion­al­i­ty and per­for­mance go, but the ca­pa­bil­i­ties should be enough for many use cases. Free­lancers, self-employed people, and small and medium-sized en­ter­pris­es in par­tic­u­lar have a lot to gain from an af­ford­able Raspberry Pi/Nextcloud solution.

Nextcloud is an open source cloud solution that offers an al­ter­na­tive to com­mer­cial services such as DropBox, Google Cloud, Microsoft OneDrive, and Apple iCloud. It was launched in 2016 by Frank Kar­l­itschek after he and others left the project Owncloud. The Nextcloud de­vel­op­ers place special value on making the software free and available to as wide an audience as possible. Nextcloud’s com­peti­tor Owncloud, on the other hand, is primarily a spe­cial­ized, fee-based business solution.

Since Nextcloud can be installed on a private or company server, you’ll have maximum control over your data. The company also im­ple­ments this kind of trans­paren­cy in other aspects of its operation. Users and members of the community can look at the program code at any time and don’t need to worry about any hidden features or loopholes that might lead to sensitive data being leaked or processed.

One big advantage of the single-drive computer is that it’s af­ford­able to purchase and run. You can buy a Raspberry Pi for NextCloud for well under $100. The mini-computers use very little energy even when it comes to the non-stop operation of a cloud, which will save you money and reduce your eco­log­i­cal footprint.

Fur­ther­more, today’s mini-computers can be easily expanded using USB ports and microSD cards, which also increases potential memory capacity for the cloud. And, thanks to extremely dynamic hardware de­vel­op­ment, the systems are being con­tin­u­al­ly improved in terms of func­tion­al­i­ty and per­for­mance.

NextCloud­Pi is a community project that provides a Nextcloud version for Raspberry Pi that is pretty much ready to use, including an in­stal­la­tion program. The special NextCloud­Pi instance is optimally adapted to the specifics of mini-computer hardware, in order to guarantee the com­pat­i­bil­i­ty of various com­po­nents. NextCloud­Pi can be down­loaded for free as an image file.

If the in­stal­la­tion package works with the pre-installed Nextcloud version, you’ll now have access to a web server including a database con­nec­tion. The in­stal­la­tion package includes an interface with all the tools you need for self-hosting a private or company cloud. You can usually operate and manage the cloud solution using a web browser with the user interface loaded on it. However, you can also manage Nextcloud on Raspberry Pi using the command line and Secure Shell (SSH) if you want to fine tune the settings or make more sub­stan­tial changes.

Aside from a few ex­cep­tion­al cases, the Raspberry Pi Nextcloud system is pre-con­fig­ured and provides numerous features without the need for further in­stal­la­tion pro­ce­dures. That’s how it can be used as a file and media server, much like a Raspberry Pi NAS. So you can, for example, upload your smart­phone photos to your cloud on the go and save memory space on your phone. NextCloud­Pi’s features also include pro­duc­tiv­i­ty tools like a calendar, an address book, and a notepad.

The Nextcloud instance provides useful security features that ensure a high level of pro­tec­tion. NextCloud­Pi users can, for example, use the free cer­tifi­cate authority Let’s Encrypt, which has provided so-called SSL/TLS cer­tifi­cates for encrypted data transfer via Transport Layer Security since 2015. Another useful security features is Fail2Ban, which protects Nextcloud accounts and data from brute force attacks.

Nextcloud also works with the web app firewall Mod­Se­cu­ri­ty, which is committed to the open source concept. Frequent updates, which are au­to­mat­i­cal­ly carried out in the back­ground, keep the system up to date and thus increase the security of the cloud.

This im­pres­sive set of features is rounded out by file man­age­ment including data syn­chro­niza­tion. It makes shared file storage with real-time updating possible - which is ideal for mobile use of the cloud. Further, you have access to the cloud not only via a web browser but also via a user-friendly app available for all the common mobile operating systems. Nextcloud can be expanded with various apps, so that the cloud is flexibly adapted to your par­tic­u­lar needs.

All that being said, if you decide to use Nextcloud on Raspberry Pi, you shouldn’t expect any miracles. The limited per­for­mance of single-drive computers can lead to dis­ad­van­tages when, for example, multiple end devices si­mul­ta­ne­ous­ly try to access data or when it comes to large data transfers with many small files. The mini-computer is thus better used as a small, private cloud solution. Free­lancers, self-employed people, and small and medium-sized en­ter­pris­es with moderate cloud use can benefit from the lean, flexible, and af­ford­able solution.

In larger companies, you can use the tech­nol­o­gy in niches and, for example, provide a small project team with a tailor-made cloud solution, which works on the company in­fra­struc­ture and can handle sensitive data with its com­pre­hen­sive security features.

However, due to their limited ports for USB external hard drives and micro SD cards, the mini-computers are less suitable for pro­fes­sion­al and redundant data backups with failsafe per­for­mance. If you’re looking for a scalable and reliable pro­fes­sion­al solution, you should use Nextcloud with an external provider. Then you’ll have access to com­pre­hen­sive webspace as well as efficient pro­fes­sion­al in­fra­struc­ture for the cloud, including redundant data backups. With this kind of a powerful in­fra­struc­ture, you can also use more so­phis­ti­cat­ed cloud-based features like video con­fer­enc­ing (Nextcloud Talk) without any problems. If you do decide to use an external service provider, be sure to choose one with a high data privacy standard in order to protect sensitive data as much as possible.

This step-by-step video explains how to install NextCloud­Pi and shows the most important steps to carry out before using Nextcloud on a Raspberry Pi:

Of course, you can also use your Raspberry Pi for other purposes and Raspberry Pi projects, for example as a gaming platform, a Raspberry Pi media server or a Raspberry Pi mail server. To use the mini-computer in these different functions, all you have to do is swap out the microSD card. And if you already have another single-drive computer, such as Banana Pi, you can use it for Nextcloud as well, as long as the computer’s per­for­mance and hardware con­fig­u­ra­tion are com­pat­i­ble with the software.